Electron orbits are real


Reasons for

- Circles can explain main spectra (Bohr)

- Ellipses can explain fine spectra (Sommerfeld)

- A z-axis perturber will make an ellipse ellipsoidal (von Zeipel, Kozai, Lidov)

- Electrons can orbit protons > 1 micron away (n=500 Rydberg atoms)

- Electrons in an electron beam have xyz position at every t


Reasons against the opposite

- "Electrons don't have continuous position"

- "Negative kinetic energy"


Challenge

- Rebuild the model of the atom from here: 1 proton 1 electron